OK, I have tracked down the tutorial which I believe you have followed?
https://learn.adafruit.com/pigrrl-zero/usb
... I strongly urge you to use colour-coded wiring in the future, and at the very least use unique distinctive colours for vcc and ground, it will make it a hell of a lot easier for anyone not in the room to make sense of what is going on ;-)
Anyhow, as far as I can tell you can very easily test your USB port by plugging in a usb mouse in place of your hacked case adapter. That will tell you immediately if the problem is the port on the Pi.
If not, which is quite likely, then try the same basic peripheral at the other hand of your USB case adapter, and you'll know whether the problem lies in that part of your project.
If not, then take it to the next relevant point that may be one of failure, I guess the software side or particular peripherals you are using for the final project.
... I hope these pointers help somewhat?